Thebes: The Forgotten City of Ancient Greece by
Paul Cartledge
My rating:
4 of 5 stars
I actually got this book as a teacher gift from a student a couple of years ago. I started trying to read it in March, while on a student trip to Greece, but I have the attention span of a squirrel on these trips because there's so much more to focus on (the logistics of the trip, student well-being, student shenanigans, the interesting sites etc). So, I decided I'd try again this summer, when I had more time to myself.
The book itself is really good on a topic that is actually a little tricky, as the title suggests. One of the biggest problems about understanding the Classical Greek period is that our sources are so deeply Athenocentric, so it is difficult to understand any other cities in Greece besides Athens, and, of course, seen through an Athenian lens, her great rival, Sparta. Thebes gets distinctly short shrift, even though its influence, especially in the fourth century, was really important. It was Thebes, not Athens, which ultimately eliminated the Spartan hegemony, by effectively splitting up Spartan dominance of the Peloponnese.
Because of the problems with the sources I alluded to above, Cartledge has to pull Thebes out of established narratives, using not only history, but poetry and tragedy (with their links to mythological Thebes) to try to understand this under-considered Greek city. The approach is effective, even when he is working with fragments, as he is until around the fourth century. It does make me think that our understanding of the Greek city state is likely distorted because it relies on Athens so much. Athens achieved a greater degree of centralization as a polis earlier than most Greek cities, even her great rivals, Sparta and Thebes. Thebes' road to domination in Boeotia was uneven and, at least, in the fifth century, Thebes was merely the most powerful of the Boeotian states. Its centralization coincided with its 'hegemony' in the 360s.
This is a good monograph, although it did strike me that, at times, even while trying to avoid it, the author is still writing the history of Athens. It's hard to avoid that in the fifth century, but frustrating.
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